GJ 3470b: A 3.88 Earth Radius, 13.73 Earth Mass Warm Neptune in a 3.33 day Orbit

Warm Ice Giant GJ 3470b. II Revised Planetary and Stellar Parameters from Optical to Near-infrared Transit Photometry

Authors:

Biddle et al

Abstract:

It is important to explore the diversity of characteristics of low-mass, low-density planets to understand the nature and evolution of this class of planets. We present a homogeneous analysis of 12 new and 9 previously published broadband photometric observations of the Uranus-sized extrasolar planet GJ 3470b, which belongs to the growing sample of sub-Jovian bodies orbiting M dwarfs. The consistency of our analysis explains some of the discrepancies between previously published results and provides updated constraints on the planetary parameters. Our data are also consistent with previous transit observations of this system. We also provide new spectroscopic measurements of GJ~3470 from 0.33 to 2.42 μm to aid our analysis. We find R⋆ = 0.48±0.04 R⊙, M⋆ = 0.51±0.06 M⊙, and Teff = 3652±50 K for GJ 3470, along with a rotation period of 20.70±0.15 d and an R-band amplitude of 0.01 mag, which is small enough that current transit measurements should not be strongly affected by stellar variability. We also present the most precise orbital ephemeris for this system: To = 245983.7417±0.00015 BJDTDB, P = 3.3366487+0.0000043−0.0000033 d, and we see no evidence for transit timing variations greater than 1 minute. Our reported planet to star radius ratio is 0.07642±0.00037. The physical parameters of this planet are Rp = 3.88±0.32~R⊕, and Mp = 13.73±1.61~M⊕. Because of our revised stellar parameters, the planetary radius we present is smaller than previously reported values. We also perform a second analysis of the transmission spectrum of the entire ensemble of transit observations to date, supporting the existence of a H2 dominated atmosphere exhibiting a strong Rayleigh scattering slope.