16CygA&B and Kepler Legacy values : Differences between the values of frequencies by different fitters

16CygA&B and Kepler Legacy values : Differences between the values of frequencies by different fitters

Authors:

Roxburgh et al

Abstract:

The differences between the oscillation frequencies and uncertainty estimates of a star derived by different fitters can be large, sufficiently large so that, were one to find a stellar model that fitted one frequency set (χ2∼1), it does not fit an alternative set. I give 21 examples, comparing frequency sets in common between the Kepler Legacy project and frequency sets from Appourchaux et al (2014) and Davies et al (2015). For 16CygA&B the differences are large; the χ2 of the fit of Legacy to Davies's values ranging from 1.64 to 11.47 for 16CygA and 1.62 to 1.79 for 16CygB, depending on which error estimates are used. I analyse both stars in some detail applying my own mode fitting code to both the Legacy and Davies's power spectra and find reasonable agreement with Davies's full frequency sets and very good agreement between values for modes with signal/noise > 1 (χ2=0.06,χ2B=0.03). But the difference with the Legacy values remains large even for modes with S/N>1. I also examine the effects of different power spectra (weighted and unweighted) using the kasoc light curves for Q6-17.2 and Q7-Q16, the effect of different mode height ratios and different rotational splitting and inclination.

Returning to 16 Cygni

Constraints on the structure of 16 Cyg A and 16 Cyg B using inversion techniques

Authors:

Buldgen et al

Abstract:

Constraining mixing processes and chemical composition is a central problem in stellar physics as their impact on stellar age determinations leads to biases in our studies of stellar evolution, galactic history and exoplanetary systems. In two previous papers, we showed how seismic inversion techniques could offer strong constraints on such processes by pointing out weaknesses in theoretical models. We now apply our technique to the solar analogues 16CygA and 16CygB, being amongst the best targets in the Kepler field to test the diagnostic potential of seismic inversions. The combination of various seismic indicators helps to provide more constrained and accurate fundamendal parameters for these stars. We use the latest seismic, spectroscopic and interferometric observational constraints in the litterature for this system to determine reference models independently for both stars. We carry out seismic inversions of the acoustic radius, the mean density and a core conditions indicator. We note that a degeneracy exists for the reference models. Namely, changing the diffusion coefficient or the chemical composition within the observational values leads to 5% changes in mass, 3% changes in radius and up to 8% changes in age. We use acoustic radius and mean density inversions to improve our reference models then carry out inversions for a core conditions indicator. Thanks to its sensitivity to microscopic diffusion and chemical composition mismatches, we are able to reduce the mass dispersion to 2%, namely [0.96, 1.0] M_sun, the radius dispersion to 1%, namely [1.188, 1.200] R_sun and the age dispersion to 3%, namely [7.0, 7.4] Gy, for 16CygA. For 16CygB, we can check the consistency of the models but not reduce independently the age dispersion. Nonetheless, assuming consistency with the age of 16CygA helps to further constrain its mass and radius.

16 Cygni Reexamined

Asteroseismic inference on rotation, gyrochronology and planetary system dynamics of 16 Cygni

Authors:

Davies et al

Abstract:

The solar analogs 16 Cyg A and 16 Cyg B are excellent asteroseismic targets in the \Kepler field of view and together with a red dwarf and a Jovian planet form an interesting system. For these more evolved Sun-like stars we cannot detect surface rotation with the current \Kepler data but instead use the technique of asteroseimology to determine rotational properties of both 16 Cyg A and B. We find the rotation periods to be 23.8+1.5−1.8days and 23.2+11.5−3.2days, and the angles of inclination to be 56+6−5∘ and 36+17−7∘, for A and B respectively. Together with these results we use the published mass and age to suggest that, under the assumption of a solar-like rotation profile, 16 Cyg A could be used when calibrating gyrochronology relations. In addition, we discuss the known 16 Cyg B star-planet eccentricity and measured low obliquity which is consistent with Kozai cycling and tidal theory.

16 Cygni Bb has a Rocky Core

High precision abundances in the 16 Cyg binary system: a signature of the rocky core in the giant planet

Authors:

Maia et al

Abstract:

We study the stars of the binary system 16 Cygni to determine with high precision their chemical composition. Knowing that the component B has a detected planet of at least 1.5 Jupiter masses, we investigate if there are chemical peculiarities that could be attributed to planet formation around this star. We perform a differential abundance analysis using high resolution (R = 81,000) and high S/N (~700) CFHT/ESPaDOnS spectra of the 16 Cygni stars and the Sun; the latter was obtained from light reflected of asteroids. We determine differential abundances of the binary components relative to the Sun and between components A and B as well. We achieve a precision of about 0.005 dex and a total error ~0.01 dex for most elements. The effective temperatures and surface gravities found for 16 Cyg A and B are Teff = 5830+/-7 K, log g = 4.30+/-0.02 dex, and Teff = 5751+/-6 K, log g = 4.35+/-0.02 dex, respectively. The component 16 Cyg A has a metallicity ([Fe/H]) higher by 0.047+/-0.005 dex than 16 Cyg B, as well as a microturbulence velocity higher by 0.08 km/s. All elements show abundance differences between the binary components, but while the volatile difference is about 0.03 dex, the refractories differ by more and show a trend with condensation temperature, which could be interpreted as the signature of the rocky accretion core of the giant planet 16 Cyg Bb. We estimate a mass of about 1.5-6 M_Earth for this rocky core, in good agreement with estimates of Jupiter's core.

Kepler Data Will NOT Support Definitive Detections at 16 Cygnus A/B

DETECTION OF ℓ = 4 AND ℓ = 5 MODES IN 12 YEARS OF SOLAR VIRGO-SPM DATA—TESTS ON KEPLER OBSERVATIONS OF 16 Cyg A AND B

Authors:

Lund et al

Abstract:

We present the detection of ℓ = 4 and ℓ = 5 modes in power spectra of the Sun, constructed from 12 yr full-disk VIRGO-SPM data sets. A method for enhancing the detectability of these modes in asteroseismic targets is presented and applied to Kepler data of the two solar analogues 16 Cyg A and B. For these targets, we see indications of a signal from ℓ = 4 modes, while nothing is yet seen for ℓ = 5 modes. We further simulate the power spectra of these stars and from this we estimate that it should indeed be possible to see such indications of ℓ = 4 modes at the present length of the data sets. In the simulation process, we briefly look into the apparent misfit between observed and calculated mode visibilities. We predict that firm detections of at least ℓ = 4 should be possible in any case at the end of the Kepler mission. For ℓ = 5, we do not predict any firm detections from Kepler data.