Constraints on the size and dynamics of brown dwarf J1407b ring system

Constraints on the size and dynamics of the J1407b ring system

Authors:

Rieder et al

Abstract:

Context.

J1407 (1SWASP J140747.93-394542.6 in full) is a young star in the Scorpius-Centaurus OB association that underwent a series of complex eclipses over 56 days in 2007. To explain these, it was hypothesised that a secondary substellar companion, J1407b, has a giant ring system filling a large fraction of the Hill sphere, causing the eclipses. Observations have not successfully detected J1407b, but do rule out circular orbits for the companion around the primary star.

Aims.

We test to what degree the ring model of J1407b could survive in an eccentric orbit required to fit the observations.

Methods.

We run N-body simulations under the AMUSE framework to test the stability of Hill radius-filling systems where the companion is on an eccentric orbit.

Results.

We strongly rule out prograde ring systems and find that a secondary of 60 to 100 MJup with an 11 yr orbital period and retrograde orbiting material can survive for at least 104 orbits and produce eclipses with similar durations as the observed one.

Gas GIant Exoplanet J1407b's Rings Intrigue

Back in 2007, astronomers observed a series of unusual eclipses coming from a star 420 light years from Earth. In 2012, a team from Japan and the Netherlands reasoned that this phenomena was due to the presence of a large exoplanet – designated J1407b – with a massive ring system orbiting the star. Since then, several surprising finds have been made.

For example, in 2015, the same team concluded that the ring system is one-hundred times larger and heavier than Saturn’s (and may be similarly sculpted by exomoons). And in their most recent study, they have shown that these giant rings may last for over 100,000 years, assuming they have a rare and unusual orbit around their planet.

In their previous work, Rieder and Kenworth determined that the ring system around J1407b consisted about 37 rings that extend to a distance of 0.6 AU (90 million km) from the planet. They also estimated that these rings are 100 times as massive as our Moon – 7342 trillion trillion metric tons. What’s more, while J1407b’s existence is yet to be confirmed, they were able to rule out the possibility of it having a circular orbit around the star.

link.

Massive Rings of J1407b Dwarf Saturn's, Sculpted by Giant ExoMoon?

Modeling giant extrasolar ring systems in eclipse and the case of J1407b: sculpting by exomoons?

Authors:

Kenworthy et al

Abstract:

The light curve of 1SWASP J140747.93-394542.6, a ∼16 Myr old star in the Sco-Cen OB association, underwent a complex series of deep eclipses that lasted 56 days, centered on April 2007. This light curve is interpreted as the transit of a giant ring system that is filling up a fraction of the Hill sphere of an unseen secondary companion, J1407b. We fit the light curve with a model of an azimuthally symmetric ring system, including spatial scales down to the temporal limit set by the star's diameter and relative velocity. The best ring model has 37 rings and extends out to a radius of 0.6 AU (90 million km), and the rings have an estimated total mass on the order of 100MMoon. The ring system has one clearly defined gap at 0.4 AU (61 million km), which we hypothesize is being cleared out by a less than 0.8M⊕ exosatellite orbiting around J1407b. This eclipse and model implies that we are seeing a circumplanetary disk undergoing a dynamic transition to an exosatellite-sculpted ring structure and is one of the first seen outside our Solar system.