WISE 0855−0714 is the Coldest Brown Dwarf

Temperature constraints on the coldest brown dwarf known WISE 0855-0714

Authors:

Beamín et al

Abstract:

Context.

Nearby isolated planetary mass objects are beginning to be discovered, but their individual properties are poorly constrained because their low surface temperatures and strong molecular self-absorption make them extremely faint.

Aims.

We aimed to detect the near infrared emission of the coldest brown dwarf (BD) found so far WISE0855−0714, located ∼2.2 pc away, and to improve its temperature estimate (Teff= 225-260 K) from a comparison with state of the art models of BD atmospheres.
Methods. We observed the field containing WISE0855-0714 with HAWK-I at the VLT in the Y band. For BDs with Teff less than 500 K theoretical models predict strong signal (or rather less molecular absorption) in this band.

Results.

WISE0855-0714 was not detected in our Y-band images, thus placing an upper limit on its brightness to Y greater than 24.4 mag at 3-σ level, leading to Y-[4.5] greater than 10.5. Combining this limit with previous detections and upper limits at other wavelengths, WISE0855-0714 is confirmed as the reddest BD detected. We applied spectral energy distribution fitting with collections of models from two independent groups for extremely cool BD atmospheres leading to an effective temperature of Teff less than 250 K, making WISE0855-0714 the coldest BD discovered to date.